Birmingham Jail Functional Theory - 1638 Words

Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from a Birmingham Jail (1965) is important from both historical and sociological points of view. It is an example of self-sacrifice as in idea for the of equality of all people. Formally, King addresses this letter that he wrote while in Birmingham jail at the clergymen who opposed his protests. In fact, he applies it to everyone who approves of racism, and considers the methods of nonviolent struggle to be too radical and far fetched from achieving an actual goal. From a sociological point of view, the â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† shows the way of nonviolent adjustment of the social conflict and stages of this way: â€Å"collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist negotiation;†¦show more content†¦If they needed medical assistance, they couldnt go to the same hospital as whites. Families of color were forced to bring up their children in a humiliating and insulting atmosphere. The state and authorities, as one of social factors, supported the racism. Promises to restore justice and equalize the rights of white and colored residents do not mean anything. Church leadership prefers to stay aside the civil problems. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† clearly shows that the church acts in a cowardly manner concerning the issue of racism, supporting the state law, but not the moral one, which claims that all men are brothers. The elements of society do not function in harmony. As a result, the social conflict arises affecting the outlook and symbolic perception of people. Modern society supports King’s ideas and considers him to be a national hero. However, he often found misunderstanding among his contemporaries: Kings nonviolence played into the hands of segregationists (Mott 411). Peace and brotherhood cannot be achieved through aggression, so King chose the strategy of nonviolent direct action. A sense of injustice, sympathy to his friends, family and even strangers encouraged King to start nonviolent direct action. The importance was that King fought not only for the rights of people of color, but also for the rights of all the exploited people. It shows his understanding and love forShow MoreRelatedPsychology : A Profession And A Science1525 Words   |  7 Pageslength of training is around five years (counting the first degree in psychology, which takes three years (Law, 2013). I am planning to pursue postgraduate degree in MSc forensic psychology from Birmingham City University as it offers a chance for understudies to consolidate learning of psychological theory with the improvement of reasonable abilities and an understanding of expert practice in forensic psychology. A vital point of this course is to plan understudies to work with clients and expertsRead MorePublic Policy Concerning Education During Prisons1449 Words   |  6 Pagesnumbers show a high contrast between the 1 in 103 rate that white males age 20-24 are incarcerated. Denial of access to education in prisons thus targets people of color (POC), the population with the lowest levels of educational attainment and functional literacy in the US. Educational inequality starts at an early age; the Pew Center cites a study by High/Scope as showing that disadvantaged and minority children who participated in pre-kindergarten programs reduced adult and juvenile participationRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 PagesYou now have all the material for an excellent SWOT (strengths/weaknesses, opportunities/threats) analysis. Pull together the earlier identiï ¬ cation of opportunities and threats (step 5) with the internal analysis you have done. This resources-based, theory-oriented system gives you a powerful vocabulary to describe what simpler systems call ‘strengths’, and the other elements of the system allow you to systematically identify other signiï ¬ cant factors in the mix. STEP 11 CURRENT S T R AT E G I

Essay on Military Women Should NOT Be Allowed in Combat...

In late 1990 and early 1991, thousands of American women marched off to the desert sands of the Middle East to serve in a war that brought women closer to combat than ever before. Although restricting women from occupying military jobs that would put them into direct contact with the enemy can be interpreted as a form of sex discrimination, as a female veteran of Operation Desert Storm, I believe that the restriction should remain as it is. Lifting this ban would not be a strategic move for the United States. Socially, our country is unprepared to allow women on the front lines because of situations involving sexual harassment, prisoners of war, mothers marching off to combat, and female draftees. Sexual harassment is†¦show more content†¦These civilian liberalists, who will probably never have to fight in war themselves, claim that by allowing women to choose to serve in direct combat, men will gradually come to see them as equals and learn to respect all women. This new respect, activists say, will start in the military and spill over into the civilian world, which will virtually eliminate all sexual harassment. Sexual harassment, however, is likely to increase rather than decrease for those women on the battlefield. Something happens to people in combat; a change takes place. Because of the rage and fear these combatants experience as they kill and avoid being killed, they may sometimes regress to some primal state of being. Men, who have believed all of their lives that to kill another human being is to commit a mortal sin, regress to this primal state because they are forced to hunt a new game-non-American homo sapiens-and are themselves being hunted. In this kill-or-be-killed state of mind, these men then act upon every savage urge and impulse. They can no longer comply with social restraint. Women fighting beside these men may be seen as sources of sexual release, and battle fatigued men may believe that they have the right to force themselves on these women. Those who believe that murder is no longer immoral will also believe the same about rape. While some men who regress into this savage state of mind may prey upon women, other menShow MoreRelatedIntegration of Women into the Armed Forces Essay2103 Words   |  9 Pages    Todays military includes women who train at boot camps, serve on warships and fly combat planes. Women currently represent fifteen percent of military personnel, and their presence is increasing among new recruits, up twenty-five percent in the A ir Force. Among officers and enlisted personnel, fifty five percent, or 107, 733 women report some form of sexual harassment. Recent accusations of sexual misconduct against drill sergeants at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and a separate caseRead MoreSegregation and Discrimination in the United States Military During World War Two10166 Words   |  41 PagesSegregation and Discrimination in the United States Military during World War Two | | | | 5/3/2010 | | Segregation and Discrimination in the United States Military during World War Two Thesis: Although the U.S. military has been a leader in desegregation and in other social matters, during World War Two fear and prejudice keep many highly qualified people from serving. This weakened every branch of the military by limiting it to a less diverse and therefore less flexible fightingRead MoreHow Cryptography Is Defined As A Major Factor During Wars, And It Isn t Very Well Known3434 Words   |  14 Pagesthe mysterious profession that lives in the shadows of history. Espionage. Governments fear it, yet it is always a major factor during wars, and it isn’t very well known by the general public. Men and women throughout history who have fought in secret positions during wars, often placed into positions of great danger. Why were they willing to risk so much for their countries? Profit? Honor? Adrenaline? There are many aspects of the art of espionage, from the necessary grunt work of field agents toRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Page sSTRATEGY SAFARI A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK aJaiz. u.frmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THERead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesand Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: ( 44) 1865 843830, fax: ( 44) 1865 853333, e-mail: permissions@elsevier.co.uk. You may also complete yourRead MoreSecurity Forces51988 Words   |  208 PagesSECURITY FORCES APPRENTICE COURSE (SFAC) TECHNICAL TRAINING (TECH. TRNG.) STUDY GUIDE (SG) L3ABR3P031 0S1C BLOCK IV GROUND COMBAT SKILLS STUDY GUIDE Effective 17 February 2011 37 TRAINING WING 37 TRAINING GROUP 343 TRAINING SQUADRON LACKLAND AFB/ CAMP BULLIS â€Å"DOD Unclassified Controlled Nuclear Information (UCNI)† Designed for AETC Course Use, Not Intended For Use on the Job Opr: 343d Training Squadron/DORT DSN: 473-6008 SECURITY FORCES APPRENTICE COURSE (SFAC) TECHNICAL TRAININGRead MoreChallenges for Urban Local Governments in India46115 Words   |  185 Pagesor by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce this Working Paper or any part thereof should be sent to the author, and to the editor at the address below: Asia Research Centre (ARC) London School of Economics Political Science Houghton Street London WC2A 2AE www.lse.ac.uk/collections/asiaResearchCentre Abstract Urban localRead MoreMilitary Culture6972 Words   |  28 PagesNational psyche and traits being the most pronounced ones. Military culture , to a certain extent , is in harmony with the national culture, however, it has its own impulses and dynamics. It incorporates obedience that curtails individual freedom or at times it may be at tangent with the socio-cultural values of a society ; Military culture of British – Indian Army ,as inherited by us is a case in point here. Philosophy of our present military outlets draws strength from history , organisational infrastructureRead MoreEssay on the Role of Women in Ancient Greece14417 Words   |  58 Pages1007/s10101-009-0059-x ORIGINAL PAPER â€Å"Rulers ruled by women†: an economic analysis of the rise and fall of women’s rights in ancient Sparta Robert K. Fleck  · F. Andrew Hanssen Received: 10 January 2008 / Accepted: 27 May 2008 / Published online: 20 March 2009  © Springer-Verlag 2009 Abstract Until modern times, most women possessed relatively few formal rights. The women of ancient Sparta were a striking exception. Although they could not vote, Spartan women reportedly owned 40 percent of Sparta’s agriculturalRead MoreStartup/Seed Stage Investment by Venture Capital12291 Words   |  50 Pagesventures have few hard assets. Usury laws limit the interest banks can charge on loans and the risks inherent in startup/seed ventures justify higher rates than allowed by law. Usually, in return for financing one to five years of a company’s start-up, venture capitalists expect a ten-fold return of capital. Combined with the preferred position and stock options this is a very high cost on capital. This equity investment is like a loan with a 60%+ annual compound interest rate that cannot be prepaid

Is psychology a science Free Essays

Psychology being categorised under the name science, can often lead to disputes within the field of sciences. Psychology is the observation of behaviour and thought process of the human mind, within itself it is a vital source of knowledge, such as how biology, chemistry and physics provides a source of knowledge that is vital to humans and the environment. Science can be seen as the study of natural behaviours and physical aspects of the world, this definition within itself accompanies itself with the idea that psychology is a science, as behaviours are studied within the field of psychology. We will write a custom essay sample on Is psychology a science? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eysenck and Keane (2000) believed that to make something a science it must have the following features, controlled observation, in which a specific manipulation is observed to see the effects. Secondly objectivity, as when data has been collected objectively it reduces the possibility of bias, thirdly testing theoretical predictions, because if a theory is not tested there is no evidence to provide if it is right or wrong. Fourthly is falsifiability, which means the scientific theory has the potential to be proved wrong by evidence, fifthly is the unifying theory which is every subject within the sciences has a unifying approach all theories are based off. Finally there is the fact of is any research conducted replicable, as it is hard to rely on studies that could provide inconsistent findings. Although providing clear guidelines on what makes a science, there are still some aspects which make the divide not as clear as believed. For example psychology uses the scientific method in some of the studies conducted, which is used throughout science for all research, so this aspect can be seen to make psychology a science. Too many the field of psychology is classed as a science; the science of the mind, as it looks at the most complex thing on Earth, the human mind, all theories on behaviours and thoughts stem from psychology (BBC, 2013). In many areas psychology and the three sciences (physics, biology and chemistry) have similarities, for example, the sciences can be seen as reductionist as they try to take a complex behaviour or physical problem and break it down in to a simpler form. Many theories within psychology on similar problems can also be seen as reductionist as it aims to take complex behaviours and thoughts and break it down in to easier components to study. An example of this can be shown by Freud (1909), Freud believes behaviour stems from the unconscious mind, making it a reductionist as it does not take biology or other factors in to account. Reductionism can be seen to be an advantage when it comes to conducting a study as it means testable predictions can be created, and then can be carried out in a controlled experiment. Although by making a reductionist theory can also cause disadvantages such as falsifiability. Popper (1963) believed falsifiability was key to science, as science does not seek to prove its own theory right, but tries to confirm it as wrong. This means that if a theory is un-falsifiable then it is not scientific, psychology in many sectors is falsifiable through problems such as reductionism, but there are also theories that are un-falsifiable as they are untestable such as many of Freuds (1909) theories display, for example the Oedipus complex can neither be proven nor disproven. As well as having issues with falsifiability psychology also lacks the objectivity needed for science to make it truly scientific, as without objectivity the research is prone to becoming bias. Even in experiments such as Skinners (1956) rat experiment can be shown to be subjective, because although the rat is pressing the lever and the lever presses are recorded automatically, it is still down to the opinion of the researcher on when he believes the rat has learnt by pressing the lever they get a treat. This can be counteracted on the bases that psychology has the unique position of studying the human mind which in itself is difficult to operationalize, as not all parts of the behaviour and thoughts can be measured scientifically, which unlike atomic mass or miles per hour in science can be. Science within itself can also come across problematic issues over control and objectivity. An example of this is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle â€Å"The more precisely the position is determined, the less precisely the momentum is known in this instant, and vice versa. † (Heisenberg, 1972) which means if something is precisely measured, and a hypothesis is believed to be true, it can often distant the researcher from the actual result. An issue with measuring investigations using the scientific method in general is it can restrict and affect answers within itself. An example is it can be argued that laboratory experiments are very artificial, so do not provide a clear picture of what would happen in real life terms. As well as sharing similarities with science on the basis they both have issues with control and objectivity, they both also share the same goals. They have three aims, the prediction, understanding and control over a study. Scientists and psychologists both put a theory forward, these theories in both cases lead to a creation of a hypotheses, this is the prediction. The next step is the understanding which is when you receive results from a prediction it should give the researcher and anyone reading the report a greater understanding of that subject. Control is the final step, the knowledge gained from the proven hypothesis provides knowledge which can be used to alter certain factors in the world. The three aims of science are according to Allport (1947), psychology follows these same three aims throughout studies, reporting and publishing work just as biology, chemistry and physics do. Throughout psychology the scientific method is used, but not in all areas although science has default problems itself with the scientific method. So it cannot always be said subjects within science always stick within the scientific boundaries themselves. Another point within psychology is psychology is a ‘new’ science, biology, chemistry and physics have been in service for a good period longer, so it may be in time more likely to be classed as a science. Nevertheless Miller (1983) would argue psychology is just a pseudoscience, an approach that claims to be scientific but does not have the key principles of science, he claims this can be dangerous as psychology is claiming to be a science, it provides the false ideal that their findings is ‘fact’. Although in comparison it could be argued that there is no ultimate knowledge of human’s behaviours and thoughts, so there must be a science to take over this role of discovering behaviours and thoughts. Science may study the physical aspects of the brain e. g. hormones that can be proven through empirical evidence, but it does not study the unknown areas such as behaviours, this is where psychology can provide answers. For example Piaget’s (1966) stages of development theory, that people develop starting at the pre-concrete stage and move throughout these stages until they reach the formal stage, science does not provide an answer for how humans develop in this sense. In conclusion psychology may seem like a vague  subject with no clear goals or guidelines, but it does have aims, its aim is to study the mind, the way people behave and think. Science still has unexplainable occurrences, that have no empirical evidence so in turn cannot be falsified, which in itself should make it not scientific. Psychology can provide answers for what science cannot explain, such as how memories are stored, psychology provides a theory for this whereas science does not. In conclusion psychology can be seen as a science to explain human behaviour that other sciences cannot. How to cite Is psychology a science?, Papers

Italian Renaissance Essay Thesis Example For Students

Italian Renaissance Essay Thesis How was the Italian Renaissance an age in which life was a work of art? The Renaissance was an important time. It was a time when new ideas were formed, worldly places became more important, and great people became known. All of which paved the way to future inventions, philosophies, and life as we know it. During the Renaissance, new possibilities were explored. One of which was a group of people who called themselves Humanists. Humanism was a movement based on the literature and ideas of ancient Greece and Rome. Humanists focused on secular themes, rather than those that were religious. They also believed that individualism, human improvement and that people should develop their talents through many activities. Humanism was influential in that more attention was paid to literature, the arts and education. Because education was becoming more important, more schools were opened. Students were taught all that was taught in classical Greek schools such as Greek, Latin, history and philosophy. The humanists strongly believed that education could help people to improve themselves. Humanism also inspired literature to become more universal. Many authors were discovered. Also, a form of poetry, called a sonnet, was developed. The humanists were very important to the Renaissance, without their teachings much would The city stated of Florence, Rome and Venice were also important parts of the Renaissance. Florence was ruled by a line of successful and wealthy rulers. Florence produced many great things. Great rulers, great architects, great sculptors and great painters. Thus leading the way Rome was the leading renaissance city during the 1500s. Many artists and scholars went to Rome to be taught by master craftsmen. Rome also became a site of great religious increases. Venice was a city of great trading. It linked Asia and Western Europe in trade routes, also drawing traders from the rest of the world. Venice was also known for its artistic achievements. Florence, Rome and Venice were three of the most influential powers during the Renaissance. The arts were extremely important to the Renaissance, and very influential. Architecture was modeled after classical Greek and Roman stylings. The greatest Italian architect was Filippo Brunelleschi, who was best known for his completion of a cathedral in Sculpture, as did architecture, reflected ancient Greek and Roman ideas. The best known sculptors were Donatello, Michelangelo and Ghiberti. Donatello was the first sculptor to cast free standing figures. Michelangelo was best known for his free standing figure of David, and Ghiberti for his ten biblical scenes on Florence cathedrals walls. During the Renaissance, painting acquired a more realistic style. Some famous painters of the ime are Giotto, Michelangelo, and probably the most famous of all, Leonardo Da Vinci. Da Vinci is best known for his works of The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. During the Renaissance, boundaries were explored, new heights were discovered and a whole new way of life was found. The renaissance truly was an age in which life was a work of art not only because art was so important to that time period, but because everything was original and new. Without the renaissance, and the people who lived during it, such as Da Vinci, modern life